Month: December 2021

In 2020.0 THERANOSTICS published article about CYANINE DYES; IN-VIVO; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; CANCER; NANOPARTICLES; RELEASE; NANOMEDICINE; CHEMOTHERAPY; DOXORUBICIN; METASTASES in [Mo, Shanyan; Zhang, Xiaoting; Hameed, Sadaf; Zhou, Yiming; Dai, Zhifei] Peking Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Coll Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China; [Mo, Shanyan] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China in 2020.0, Cited 58.0. The Name is 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 56-17-7. Product Details of 56-17-7

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has been proved as an effective modality in identifying the tumor border and distinguishing the tumor cells from healthy tissue during the oncological surgery. Developing NIR fluorescent probes with high tumor to background (T/B) signal is essential for the complete debulking of the tumor, which will prolong the survival rate of tumor patients. However, the nonspecific binding and always-on properties of the conventional fluorescent probes leads to high background signals and poor specificity. Method: To address this problem, glutathione (GSH)-responsive, two disulfide-bonded dicyanine dyes (ss-diCy5 and ss-diNH800CW) were synthesized. As synthesized dyes are quenched under normal physiological conditions, however, once reached to the tumor site, these dyes are capable of emitting strong fluorescence signals primarily because of the cleavage of the disulfide bond in the tumor microenvironment with high GSH concentration. Besides, the GSH-responsive behavior of these dyes was monitored using the UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The diagnostic accuracy of the aforementioned dyes was also tested both in tumor cells and 4T1-bearing mice. Results: The fluorescence signal intensity of disulfide dicyanine dyes was quenched up to 89% compared to the mono cyanine dyes, thus providing a very low fluorescence background. However, when the disulfide dicyanine dye reaches the tumor site, the dicyanine is cleaved by GSH into two mono-dyes with high fluorescence strength, thus producing strong fluorescent signals upon excitation. The fluorescent signal of the dicyanine was enhanced by up to 27-fold after interacting with the GSH solution. In vivo xenografts tumor studies further revealed that the fluorescence signals of aforementioned dyes can be quickly recovered in the solid tumor. Conclusion: In summary, the disulfide dicyanines dyes can provide a promising platform for specific tumor-activatable fluorescence imaging with improved T/B value.

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Reference:
Thiazine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,
,Thiazine | C4H5NS – PubChem

Hayashida, O; Tanaka, Y; Miyazaki, T in [Hayashida, Osamu; Tanaka, Yudai; Miyazaki, Takaaki] Fukuoka Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Nanakuma 8-19-1, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan published Synthesis and Guest-Binding Properties of pH/Reduction Dual-Responsive Cyclophane Dimer in 2021.0, Cited 43.0. Recommanded Product: 56-17-7. The Name is 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 56-17-7.

A water-soluble cyclophane dimer having two disulfide groups as a reduction-responsive cleavable bond as well as several acidic and basic functional groups as a pH-responsive ionizable group 1 was successfully synthesized. It was found that 1 showed pH-dependent guest-binding behavior. That is, 1 strongly bound an anionic guest, 6-p-toluidinonaphthalene-2-sulfonate (TNS) with binding constant (K/M-1) for 1:1 host-guest complexes of 9.6 x 10(4) M-1 at pH 3.8, which was larger than those at pH 7.4 and 10.7 (6.0 x 10(4) and 2.4 x 10(4) M-1, respectively), indicating a favorable electrostatic interaction between anionic guest and net cationic 1. What is more, release of the entrapped guest molecules by 1 was easily controlled by pH stimulus. Large favorable enthalpies (Delta H) for formation of host-guest complexes were obtained under the pH conditions employed, suggesting that electrostatic interaction between anionic TNS and 1 was the most important driving force for host-guest complexation. Such contributions of Delta H for formation of host-guest complexes decreased along with increased pH values from acidic to basic solutions. Upon addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) as a reducing reagent to an aqueous PBS buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1 and TNS, the fluorescence intensity originating from the bound guest molecules decreased gradually. A treatment of 1 with DTT gave 2, having less guest-binding affinity by the cleavage of disulfide bonds of 1. Consequently, almost all entrapped guest molecules by 1 were released from the host. Moreover, such reduction-responsive cleavage of 1 and release of bound guest molecules was performed more rapidly in aqueous buffer at pH 10.7.

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Reference:
Thiazine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,
,Thiazine | C4H5NS – PubChem

Authors Zhang, YB; Liu, SY; Li, TY; Zhang, LQ; Azhar, U; Ma, JC; Zhai, CC; Zong, CY; Zhang, SX in ELSEVIER SCI LTD published article about FOREIGN-BODY RESPONSE; GLYCOL) HYDROGELS; MICHAEL ADDITION; CROSS-LINKING; STEM-CELLS; RESISTANCE; COATINGS; RELEASE; CULTURE in [Zhang, Yabin; Liu, Shuyan; Li, Tianyu; Zhang, Luqing; Azhar, Umair; Ma, Jiachen; Zhai, Congcong; Zong, Chuanyong; Zhang, Shuxiang] Univ Jinan, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Shandong Prov Key Lab Fluorine Chem & Chem Mat, Jinan 250022, Peoples R China in 2020.0, Cited 49.0. Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. The Name is 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 56-17-7

In this work, a facile click reaction strategy is employed to form hydrogels in situ with cytocompatibility, biodegradability, self-healing property and resistance to protein. The thiol-functionalized zwitterionic carboxybetaine methacrylate copolymer, which take part as a cross-linker in the thiol-ene click reaction with the methacrylated hyaluronic acid. The hydrogels are obtained under the physiological condition without the presence of any copper catalyst and UV light. The hydrogel consisting of zwitterionic component shows an obvious reduction in protein adsorption and cell adhesion and avoid non-targeted factor interference in the biological experiments. The hydrogels also demonstrate adjustable degradation behavior. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are easily encapsulated into the hydrogels and remains metabolically active, indicating the excellent biocompatibility of the hydrogels. Additionally, the result of the cytokine secretion assays (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) has shown that this clickable hydrogel can serve to suppress inflammatory reactions and is beneficial for in vivo applications. Based on the above results, this clickable hydrogel with excellent performance can be an amenable platform for 3D cell encapsulation.

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Reference:
Thiazine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,
,Thiazine | C4H5NS – PubChem

Recommanded Product: 56-17-7. Curcio, M; Paoli, A; Cirillo, G; Di Pietro, S; Forestiero, M; Giordano, F; Mauro, L; Amantea, D; Di Bussolo, V; Nicoletta, FP; Iemma, F in [Curcio, Manuela; Paoli, Alessandro; Cirillo, Giuseppe; Forestiero, Martina; Giordano, Francesca; Mauro, Loredana; Amantea, Diana; Nicoletta, Fiore Pasquale; Iemma, Francesca] Univ Calabria, Dept Pharm Hlth & Nutr Sci, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy; [Di Pietro, Sebastiano; Di Bussolo, Valeria] Univ Pisa, Dept Pharm, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, I-56126 Pisa, Italy published Combining Dextran Conjugates with Stimuli-Responsive and Folate-Targeting Activity: A New Class of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy in 2021.0, Cited 42.0. The Name is 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 56-17-7.

Nanoparticles with active-targeting and stimuli-responsive behavior are a promising class of engineered materials able to recognize the site of cancer disease, targeting the drug release and limiting side effects in the healthy organs. In this work, new dual pH/redox-responsive nanoparticles with affinity for folate receptors were prepared by the combination of two amphiphilic dextran (DEX) derivatives. DEXFA conjugate was obtained by covalent coupling of the polysaccharide with folic acid (FA), whereas DEXssPEGCOOH derived from a reductive amination step of DEX was followed by condensation with polyethylene glycol 600. After self-assembling, nanoparticles with a mean size of 50 nm, able to be destabilized in acidic pH and reducing media, were obtained. Doxorubicin was loaded during the self-assembling process, and the release experiments showed the ability of the proposed system to modulate the drug release in response to different pH and redox conditions. Finally, the viability and uptake experiments on healthy (MCF-10A) and metastatic cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells proved the potential applicability of the proposed system as a new drug vector in cancer therapy.

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Reference:
Thiazine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,
,Thiazine | C4H5NS – PubChem

In 2020.0 DRUG DELIV published article about LOADING CAPACITY; DRUG; DOXORUBICIN; APATINIB; NANOMEDICINE; THERAPEUTICS; CONJUGATE in [Zhang, Xiaoqing; Ren, Xiaomei; Tang, Jiayin; Wang, Jiangtao; He, Peng; Yao, Chang; Bian, Weihe] Nanjing Univ Chinese Med, Jiangsu Prov Hosp TCM, Dept Mastopathy, Affiliated Hosp, Nanjing, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Xiang; Sun, Lizhu] Xuzhou Med Univ, Affiliated Shuyang Hosp, Dept Oncol, Suqian, Peoples R China in 2020.0, Cited 42.0. The Name is 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 56-17-7. SDS of cas: 56-17-7

Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells is a significant challenge in chemotherapy, highlighting the urgent medical need for simple and reproducible strategies to reverse this process. Here, we report the development of an active tumor-targeting and redox-responsive nanoplatform (PA-ss-NP) using hyaluronic acid-g-cystamine dihydrochloride-poly-epsilon-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-lysine (HA-ss-PLLZ) to co-deliver paclitaxel (PTX) and apatinib (APA) for effective reversal of MDR. This smart nanoplatform specifically bound to CD44 receptors, leading to selective accumulation at the tumor site and uptake by MCF-7/ADR cells. Under high concentrations of cellular glutathione (GSH), the nanocarrier was degraded rapidly with complete release of its encapsulated drugs. Released APA effectively inhibited the function of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug pump and improved the sensitivity of MDR cells to chemotherapeutic agents, leading to the recovery of PTX chemosensitivity in MDR cells. As expected, this newly developed intelligent drug delivery system could effectively control MDR, both in vitro and in vivo.

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Reference:
Thiazine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,
,Thiazine | C4H5NS – PubChem

I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Boronate affinity sorbents based on thiol-functionalized polysiloxane-polymethacrylate composite materials in syringe format for selective extraction of glycopeptides published in 2021.0. Computed Properties of C4H14Cl2N2S2, Reprint Addresses Herrero-Martinez, JM (corresponding author), Univ Valencia, Dept Analyt Chem, C Dr Moliner 50, Valencia 46100, Spain.. The CAS is 56-17-7. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride

In this work, two novel boronate affinity monolithic materials able to extract glycopeptides within a polypropylene syringe are described and compared. The first material was synthesized from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-based monoliths modified with poly-3-mercaptopropyl-methylsiloxane (PMPMS) followed by attachment of 4-vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) via thiol-ene click reaction. The second material was prepared by using gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-modified monoliths as substrate followed by subsequent attachment of PMPMS and VPBA. The resulting materials were used as sorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) to selectively preconcentrate glycopeptides from horseradish peroxidase (HRP) digests. The material that gave the superior performance was that prepared with AuNPs due to the presence of abundant boronic acid groups, being its practical applicability also examined. The hybrid material exhibited a satisfactory efficiency of glycopeptide enrichment (identifying 24 glycopeptides from a total of 27) in mixture of tryptic digests of HRP and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1:100, w/w). The sorbent shows low sensitivity (0.5 fmol/?L), good adsorption capacity (25 mg g-1) and suitable reusability (over 10 times). Moreover, the hybrid monolith was successfully applied to the selective enrichment of glycopeptides from human serum digests, without any pretreatment, in which 85 glycopeptides were identified by nano-LC-MS/MS, suggesting a great potential for application in glycoproteome field.

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Reference:
Thiazine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,
,Thiazine | C4H5NS – PubChem

In 2020.0 ORGANOMETALLICS published article about CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION; NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CONVERSION; CATALYST; ELECTROREDUCTION; SELECTIVITY; NI(CYCLAM); BEARING in [Battistella, Beatrice; Ray, Kallol] Humboldt Univ, Dept Chem, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; [Gerschel, Philipp; Apfel, Ulf-Peter] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Chem & Biochem, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; [Siegmund, Daniel; Apfel, Ulf-Peter] Fraunhofer UMSICHT, D-46047 Oberhausen, Germany in 2020.0, Cited 57.0. The Name is 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 56-17-7. Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride

Among the numerous homogeneous electrochemical CO2 reduction catalysts, [Ni(cyclam)](2+) is known as one of the most potent catalysts. Likewise, [Ni(isocyclam)](2+) was reported to enable electrochemical CO2 conversion but has received significantly less attention. However, for both catalysts, a purposeful substitution of a single nitrogen donor group by chalcogen atoms was never reported. In this work, we report a series of isocyclam-based Ni complexes with {ON3}, {SN3}, {SeN3}, and {N-4} moieties and investigated the influence of nitrogen/chalcogen substitution on electrochemical CO2 reduction. While [Ni(isocyclam)](2+) showed the highest selectivity toward CO2 reduction within this series with a Faradaic efficiency of 86% for the generation of CO at an overpotential of -1.20 V and acts as a homogeneous catalyst, the O- and S-containing Ni complexes revealed comparable catalytic activities at ca. 0.3 V milder overpotential but tend to form deposits on the electrode, acting as precursors for a heterogeneous catalysis. Moreover, the heterogeneous species generated from the O- and S-containing complexes enable a catalytic hydride transfer to acetonitrile, resulting in the generation of acetaldehyde. The incorporation of selenium, however, resulted in loss of CO2 reduction activity, mainly leading to hydrogen generation that is also catalyzed by a heterogeneous electrodeposit.

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Reference:
Thiazine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,
,Thiazine | C4H5NS – PubChem

Computed Properties of C4H14Cl2N2S2. In 2019.0 COLLOID SURFACE B published article about POLY(AMIDOAMINE)-FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE OXIDE; JANUS NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLE-SIZE; SURFACE; REDUCTION; POLYMERIZATION; METHACRYLATE; GENERATION; MECHANISM in [Najafi, Faezeh; Salami-Kalajahi, Mehdi; Roghani-Mamaqani, Hossein] Sahand Univ Technol, Dept Polymer Engn, POB 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; [Najafi, Faezeh; Salami-Kalajahi, Mehdi; Roghani-Mamaqani, Hossein] Sahand Univ Technol, Inst Polymer Mat, POB 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; [Kahaie-Khosrowshahi, Amir] Sahand Univ Technol, Dept Chem Engn, POB 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran in 2019.0, Cited 60.0. The Name is 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 56-17-7.

A facile method via grafting to approach was used to synthesize hybrid gold-dendrimer nanoparticles. To this end, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized via Turkevich method and 5th-generation cystamine-cored poly (propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimer was synthesized by iterative Michael addition and hydrogenation reactions. To prepare hybrid nanoparticles, aqueous solution of dendrimer was poured into colloidal solution of GNPs to form gold-S interactions which resulted in hybrid gold-dendrimer nanoparticles. UV-VIS-NIR and Raman spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were utilized to confirm the surface modification of GNPs by PPI dendrimer. Cytotoxicity study through MIT assay against human fibroblast (FBS) cells showed appropriate proliferation of cells in presence of hybrid nanoparticles whereas higher grafting ratio of dendrimers induced more toxicity due to existence of peripheral amine groups. Also, hybrid gold-dendrimer nanoparticles were used as DOX nano-carriers. Results showed that carriers did not release the drug at pH = 7.4 significantly while up to 92.8% of drug release was measured at pH = 5.3. Also, higher grafting ratio limited the drug release due to shielding effect of grafted dendrimers.

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Reference:
Thiazine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,
,Thiazine | C4H5NS – PubChem

Safety of 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. Xie, YL; Wang, YF; He, ZY; Yang, W; Fu, BS; Zou, GR; Zhang, X; Huang, JG; Zhou, X in [Xie, Yalun; Wang, Yafen; He, Zhiyong; Yang, Wei; Fu, Boshi; Zou, Guangrong; Zhang, Xiong; Huang, Jinguo; Zhou, Xiang] Wuhan Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Inst Adv Studies, Key Lab Biomed Polymers,Minist Educ,Hubei Prov Ke, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China published Selective Chemical Labeling and Sequencing of 5-Carboxylcytosine in DNA at Single-Base Resolution in 2020.0, Cited 34.0. The Name is 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 56-17-7.

5-Carboxylcytosine (5caC) plays a vital role in the dynamics of DNA demethylation, and sequencing of its sites will help us dig out more biological functions of 5caC. Herein, we present a novel chemical method to efficiently label 5caC distinguished from other bases in DNA. Combined with bisulfite sequencing, 5caC sites can be located at single-base resolution, and the efficiency of 5caC labeling is 92% based on the Sanger sequencing data. Furthermore, dot blot assays have confirmed that 5caC-containing DNA isolated from HeLa cells was successfully labeled using our method. We expect that our strategy can be further applied to selectively tagging other carboxyl-modified bases and mapping their sites in RNA.

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Reference:
Thiazine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,
,Thiazine | C4H5NS – PubChem

Bai, JA; Tian, Y; Liu, FZ; Li, XL; Shao, Y; Lu, XT; Wang, JT; Zhu, GQ; Xue, BY; Liu, M; Hu, P; He, N; Tang, QY in [Bai, Jianan; Tian, Ye; Li, Xiaolin; Shao, Yun; Lu, Xintong; Wang, Jintian; Zhu, Guoqin; Xue, Bingyan; Liu, Min; Hu, Ping; He, Na; Tang, Qiyun] Nanjing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Geriatr Gastroenterol, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Liu, Fangzhou] Nanjing Med Univ, Jiangsu Canc Hosp, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Liu, Fangzhou] Nanjing Med Univ, Affiliated Canc Hosp, Jiangsu Inst Canc Res, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, Peoples R China published Octreotide-Conjugated Core-Cross-Linked Micelles with pH/Redox Responsivity Loaded with Etoposide for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Therapy and Bioimaging with Photoquenching Resistance in 2019.0, Cited 37.0. Recommanded Product: 56-17-7. The Name is 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanamine dihydrochloride. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 56-17-7.

The study of multifunctional polymer micelles combined with chemotherapy due to reduced systemic toxicity and enhanced efficacy has attracted intensive attention. Herein, a multifunctional core-cross-linked hybrid micelle system based on mPEG-b-PGu(BA-TPE) and OCT-PEG-b-PGu(DA-TPE) with pH- and redox-triggered drug release and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active imaging has been developed for active targeting of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), especially neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) with poor prognosis. These micelles showed excellent biocompatibility and stability. After the formation of borate ester bonds, core-cross-linked micelles (CCLMs) showed enhanced emission properties. In addition, etoposide (ETO), one of the most important anticancer drugs of NECs, was loaded into the hydrophobic core of micelles by self-assembly with an average diameter of 274.6 nm and spherical morphology. Octreotide (OCT) conjugated onto the micelles enhanced cellular uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis. ETO-loaded micelles demonstrated the dual-responsive triggered intracellular drug release and great tumor suppression ability in vitro. Compared with free ETO, ETO-loaded CCLMs exhibited a considerable antitumor effect and significantly reduced side effects. Considering the active tumor targeting, dual-responsive drug release and the AIE effect, the polymer micelle system will be a potential candidate for diagnosis and oncotherapy of NENs.

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Reference:
Thiazine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,
,Thiazine | C4H5NS – PubChem